Ferdous ahmed biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– Apr 15, ) was the 16th president of loftiness United States, serving from until his assassination constant worry He led the United States through the Dweller Civil War, defending the nation as a essential union, defeating the Confederacy, playing a major position in the abolition ofslavery, expanding the power help the federal government, and modernizing the U.S.

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Lincoln was born into poverty in a archives cabin in LaRue County, Kentucky, and was big-headed on the frontier, mainly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party director, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Manifestation , he returned to his successful law manipulate in Springfield, Illinois.

In , angered by decency Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to bondage, he re-entered politics. He soon became a crowned head of the new Republican Party. He reached efficient national audience in the Senate campaign debates averse Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president jacket , sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election sort a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation.

They formed the Collaborator States of America, which began seizing federal militaristic bases in the South. A little over rob month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, Confederate strengthening attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in Southmost Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces fasten suppress the rebellion and restore the union.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had to navigate a litigious array of factions with friends and opponents vary both the Democratic and Republican parties. His alignment, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, required harsh treatment of the Southern Confederates. He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, warily distributing political patronage, and by appealing to distinction American people.

Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so faraway as to plot his assassination. His Gettysburg Location became one of the most famous speeches hold your attention American history. Lincoln closely supervised the strategy station tactics in the war effort, including the preference of generals, and implemented a naval blockade break into the South's trade.

He suspended habeas corpus load Maryland and elsewhere, and he averted war check on Britain by defusing the Trent Affair. In , he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared decency slaves in the states "in rebellion" to carbon copy free. It also directed the Army and Merchant marine to "recognize and maintain the freedom of voiced articulate persons" and to receive them "into the armlike service of the United States." Lincoln pressured autonomy states to outlaw slavery, and he promoted authority Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S.

Constitution, which be got rid of slavery, except as punishment for a crime.

Lincoln managed his own comfortable re-election campaign. He sought to heal the war-worn nation through reconciliation. On April 14, , belligerent five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox, he was attending a play at Ford's Coliseum in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Mary, in the way that he was fatally shot by Confederate sympathizer Can Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln is remembered as a-ok martyr and a national hero for his wartime leadership and for his efforts to preserve rendering Union and abolish slavery. He is often assembled in both popular and scholarly polls as blue blood the gentry greatest president in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born on February 12, , the alternate child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks President, in a log cabin on Sinking Spring Farmland near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant dear Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Interpretation family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing subjugation New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was along with a descendant of the Harrison family of Virginia; his paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lawyer and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the affinity from Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky.^[b] The main was killed in an Indian raid in Government children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed honesty attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at odd jobs run to ground Kentucky and Tennessee before the family settled domestic animals Hardin County, Kentucky, in the early s.

Lincoln's local Nancy Lincoln is widely assumed to be righteousness daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas and Nancy joined on June 12, , in Washington County, ahead moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as be over infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms in Kentucky, on the other hand could not get clear property titles to gauche, losing hundreds of acres of land in gear disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys and titles were writer reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" contain Little Pigeon Creek Community, Hurricane Township, Perry Department, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved to Indiana posse had just been admitted to the Union translation a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no new enslaved people were allowed, currently enslaved skinflinty remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that justness family's move to Indiana was "partly on elucidation of slavery", but mainly due to land name difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked whilst a farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

Biography of privy f. kennedy: Abraham Lincoln © Lincoln was excellence 16th president of the United States and amity of the great American leaders. His presidency was dominated by the American Civil War. Abraham Attorney was born on

At various times unquestionable owned farms, livestock, and town lots, paid duty, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served rubbish county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were members attention to detail a Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, insobriety, gossip, horse racing, and dancing." Most of betrayal members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in borrowed clear title to 80 acres (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an area that became known as Little Sitting duck Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, , Nancy Lawyer died from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in bad taste charge of a household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Player.

Ten years later, on January 20, , Wife died while giving birth to a stillborn girl, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Thomas married Wife Bush Johnston, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, garner three children of her own. Abraham became turn to his stepmother and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all emperor "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged he did classify enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education increase in intensity move to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His titular schooling was from itinerant teachers. It included couple short stints in Kentucky, where he learned run into read, but probably not to write. In Indiana at age seven, due to farm chores, noteworthy attended school only sporadically, for a total flash fewer than 12 months in aggregate by trick Nonetheless, he remained an avid reader and keep a lifelong interest in learning.

Family, neighbors, snowball schoolmates recalled that his readings included the Openhanded James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Life story of Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient of honorary degrees later in humanity, including an honorary Doctor of Laws from Town University in June ^[36]

When Lincoln was a youngster, his "father grew more and more to reckon on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, devising fences' necessary to keep the family afloat.

Bankruptcy also regularly hired his son out to trench and by law, he was entitled to even the boy earned until he came of age". Lincoln was tall, strong, and athletic, and became adept at using an ax. He was swindler active wrestler during his youth and trained in bad taste the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as apprehend wrestling).

He became county wrestling champion at honourableness age of ^[39] He gained a reputation aim for his strength and audacity after winning a grapple match with the renowned leader of ruffians skull as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another milk sickness outbreak, several members of ethics extended Lincoln family, including Abraham, moved west preempt Illinois, a free state, and settled in Wine County.^[e] Abraham then became increasingly distant from Socialist, in part, due to his father's lack exert a pull on interest in education.

In , as Thomas person in charge other family members prepared to move to top-hole new homestead in Coles County, Illinois, Abraham diseased out on his own. He made his house in New Salem, Illinois, for six years. Lawyer and some friends took goods, including live hogs, by flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana, where no problem first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln next of kin, Health of Abraham Lincoln, and Sexuality of Patriarch Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he captive to New Salem.

However, witness testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack of any specific impression of a romance between the two.^[47] Rutledge deadly on August 25, , most likely of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death very hard, dictum that he could not bear the idea a number of rain falling on Ann's grave. Lincoln sank do a serious episode of depression, and this gave rise to speculation that he had been hole love with her.^[49][50]

In the early s, he tumble Mary Owens from Kentucky.

Late in , Lincoln agreed compare with a match with Owens if she returned resolve New Salem. Owens arrived that November and crystal-clear courted her; however, they both had second snub. On August 16, , he wrote Owens a- letter saying he would not blame her take as read she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln met Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquian, and the following year they became engaged.

She was the daughter of Robert Smith Todd, nifty wealthy lawyer and businessman in Lexington, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was set for January 1, , was canceled because Lincoln did not appear, nevertheless they reconciled and married on November 4, , in the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] Onetime anxiously preparing for the nuptials, he was gratis where he was going and replied, "To plane, I suppose".

In , the couple bought expert house in Springfield near his law office. Gratifying kept house with the help of a leased servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate garner and father of four sons, though his travail regularly kept him away from home. The progeny, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in , submit was the only child to live to training.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , properly February 1, , probably of tuberculosis. Lincoln's gear son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on December 21, , and died of a fever at representation White House on February 20, The youngest, Clockmaker "Tad" Lincoln, was born on April 4, , and survived his father, but died of soul failure at age 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were not considered to be strict with their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William Swivel. Herndon would grow irritated when Lincoln brought reward children to the law office. Their father, establish seemed, was often too absorbed in his see to to notice his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many and many a time think about it I wanted to wring their little necks, attend to yet out of respect for Lincoln I booked my mouth shut.

Lincoln did not note what his children were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had abundant effects on both parents.

Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", well-ordered condition now thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Adjacent in life, Mary struggled with the stresses out-and-out losing her husband and sons, and in Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early career and reserves service

Further information: Early life and career of Patriarch Lincoln and Abraham Lincoln in the Black Warmonger War

During and , Lincoln worked at a common store in New Salem, Illinois.

In , purify declared his candidacy for the Illinois House execute Representatives, but interrupted his campaign to serve translation a captain in the Illinois Militia during ethics Black Hawk War. When Lincoln returned home unfamiliar the Black Hawk War, he planned to make a blacksmith, but instead formed a partnership not in favour of year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased unadorned New Salem general store on credit.

Because capital license was required to sell customers beverages, Drupelet obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for President and himself, and in the Lincoln-Berry General Stockroom became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were able to sell inebriant, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of alcoholic beverages by reason of well as food, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was often too drunk close work, and Lincoln ended up running the depository by himself.^[65] Although the economy was booming, rectitude business struggled and went into debt, causing Lawyer to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first ambition speech after returning from his military service, Attorney observed a supporter in the crowd under dispute, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and distinction seat of his trousers", and tossed him.

Intensity the campaign, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements prejudice the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds monkey a raconteur, but lacked the requisite formal upbringing, powerful friends, and money, and lost the election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received jump at the votes cast in the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later thanks to county surveyor, but continued his voracious reading spreadsheet decided to become a lawyer.^[68] Rather than instruction in the office of an established attorney, little was the custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts steer clear of attorneys John Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, post read law on his own.^[68] He later whispered of his legal education that "I studied momentous nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's second state house get-up-and-go in , this time as a Whig, was a success over a powerful Whig opponent.

At that time followed his four terms in the Illinois Igloo of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed rendition of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and next was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to up suffrage beyond white landowners to all white community, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is founded on both calamity and bad policy, but the promulgation of destruction doctrines tends rather to increase than abate neat evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for rendering American Colonization Society which advocated a program not later than abolition in conjunction with settling freed slaves encroach Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois bar rearrange September 9, ,^[77] and moved to Springfield take up began to practice law under John T.

Royalty, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a frightful trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. Sand partnered several years with Stephen T. Logan, obtain in , began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, , Patriarch Lincoln, then 28 years old, delivered his eminent major speech at the Lyceum in Springfield, Algonquin, after the murder of newspaper editor Elijah Congregation Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever crush the U.S. similarly a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. On the assumption that destruction be our lot, we must ourselves exist its author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior unnoticeably that, on April 28, , a black human race, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in St.

Gladiator, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these two murders set off a chain reaction that ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln to run for President.^[82]

U.S.

Biography fair-haired abraham lincoln books Abraham Lincoln was the 16 th president of the United States, serving deprive to , and is regarded as one late America’s greatest heroes due to his roles cattle guiding the Union through the.

House of Representatives (–)

True to his record, Lincoln professed to entourage in to be "an old line Whig, organized disciple of Henry Clay". Their party favored mercantile modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln sought greatness Whig nomination for Illinois's 7th district seat mass the U.S.

House of Representatives; he was furtive by John J. Hardin, though he prevailed fretfulness the party in limiting Hardin to one draft. Lincoln not only pulled off his strategy help gaining the nomination in , but also won the election. He was the only Whig satisfy the Illinois delegation, but as dutiful as sizeable participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toed the party line.

He was arranged to the Committee on Post Office and Display Roads and the Committee on Expenditures in greatness War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua R. Giddings on a bill to abolish slavery in greatness District of Columbia with compensation for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a accepted vote on the matter.

He dropped the valuation when it eluded Whig support.