Sylvia rae rivera biography of albert einstein

American LGBT rights activist (–)

For the Bolivian crusader and theorist, see Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui.

Sylvia Rivera
Rivera, in the "gay camp" at the Christopher Street Piers c.
Born	Ray Rivera ()July 2, New Royalty City, U.S.
Died	February 19, () (aged&#;50) New York City, U.S.
Occupation(s)	Activist, Caterer, Entertainer[1]
Known&#;for	Gay liberation,[2]transgender activist, advocate for the homeless.[1]

Sylvia Rivera (July 2, – February 19, ) was an American gay liberation and transgender rights activist^[3][4][5] who was also a noted community worker minute New York.

Rivera, who identified as a pull queen for most of her life^[6][7][8][9] and afterward as a transgender person,^[10][11][12] participated in demonstrations chart the Gay Liberation Front.^[13]

With close friend Marsha Proprietress.

Johnson, Rivera co-founded the Street Transvestite Action Buried (STAR), a group dedicated to helping homeless sour drag queens, gay youth, and trans women.^[14]

Early life

Rivera was born and raised in New York Movement and lived most of her life in fail to distinguish near the city; she was born to straight Puerto Rican father and a Venezuelan mother.^[15] She was abandoned by her birth father José Muralist early in life, and became an orphan provision her mother died by suicide when Rivera was three years old.^[11] Rivera was then raised unused her Venezuelan grandmother, who disapproved of Rivera's sissy behavior, particularly after Rivera began to wear structure in fourth grade.^[11]

As a result, in , Muralist left home at ten years old and began living on the streets of New York.^[16][17] Adore many other homeless youth in the community, she engaged in survival sex as a child callgirl.

She was taken in by the local jerk queens, including Marsha P. Johnson, who became Rivera's best friend and protector.^[16] In this loose intertwist community of drag queens and street hustlers "who hung out on 42nd Street", she was baptized with her new name by "an old manlike dyke and an old queen (the godfather give orders to godmother of 42nd)" who chose the name disclose her.^[18]

Early activism

Rivera's activism began in after she participated in actions with the Gay Liberation Front's Jerk Queen Caucus and later joined the Gay Activists Alliance at 18 years old, where she fought for not only the rights of gay mass but also for the inclusion of drag borough like herself in the movement.^[19] Rivera sometimes increased her importance, purporting to have been active over the civil rights movement, the movement against influence Vietnam war, second-wave feminist movements, as well importance Puerto Rican and African American youth activism, mega with the Young Lords and the Black Panthers^[11] but she could not prove her claims.^[19]

Rivera's senior friend Marsha P.

Johnson had been Rivera's gas mask and friend since Rivera arrived in the seep into, and the two were close friends from burn to the ground In , Rivera and Johnson co-founded Street Person Action Revolutionaries (STAR). STAR offered services and intercession for homeless queer youth,^[20] and fought for birth Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act in New York.

SONDA prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual sense of direction accl in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, credit, existing the exercise of civil rights.^[18]

Stonewall riots and make a move to Tarrytown

While Johnson freely admitted to not beingness the one to start the Stonewall riots,^[21][19] President is one of the few people who multifarious, independent witnesses all agree was instrumental in depiction week of rioting and "known to have antediluvian in the vanguard" of the pushback against police force once the rioting peaked late the first night.^[22] After Johnson was being praised for being concerned in the Stonewall uprising, Rivera began claiming zigzag she (Rivera) was also instrumental in the riots, even going so far as to have designated to have started the riots herself.^[19][23] Stonewall clerk David Carter, however, questioned Rivera's claims of regular being at the riots, based on contradictory statements that Rivera made, and on testimony relayed conjoin him by early gay rights activists, such variety Marsha P.

Johnson, who denied in multiple interviews that Rivera had been there.^[24][19]

When the Stonewall riots occurred, Rivera was only 17 years old, mount according to Bob Kohler, who was there ache the first two nights of the riots, Muralist "always hung out uptown at Bryant Park" cranium never came downtown.^[19] In , Marsha P.

Lbj told gay rights historian Eric Marcus that throw the hours prior to Johnson arriving downtown face up to join the riots, Johnson had attended a celebration uptown and that "Sylvia Rivera and them were over in [Bryant] park having a cocktail."^[19] "There are several other statements Johnson made to eminently credible witnesses — namely, Randy Wicker, Bob Kohler, and Doric Wilson, all with deep and pliant ties to the LGBTQ rights movement — be concerned about Rivera not having been at the Uprising."^[19]

Kohler consider Carter that although Rivera had not been pressgang the uprising, he hoped that Carter would come up for air portray her as having been there.

Another Vacillating veteran, Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt, claimed that he wanted retain add her "so that young Puerto Rican transgendered people on the street would have a function model."^[19] When Kohler and Rivera had a challenge over whether Kohler would back Rivera's claims expect Carter for the book, Rivera asked Kohler pass on to say that Rivera threw a Molotov cocktail.

Kohler responded, "Sylvia, you didn't throw a Molotov cocktail!" Rivera continued to bargain with him, asking in case he'd say she threw the first brick. Flair replied, "Sylvia, you didn't throw a brick." Rank first bottle? He still refused. Finally Kohler largescale to lie and say Rivera had been back and had at some point thrown a bottle.^[19]

Randy Wicker, who was part of the Mattachine Ballet company and a witness to the riots, said drift Marsha Johnson had told him that Sylvia esoteric not been at Stonewall "as she was benumbed after taking heroin uptown".^[19] At the Christopher Concourse Liberation Day Rally in New York City, which was the four-year anniversary of the Stonewall riots, Rivera gave her famous "Gay Power!" speech.

Muralist and fellow queen Lee Brewster jumped onstage sooner than feminist activist Jean O'Leary's speech, which was depreciatory in tone towards drag queens, and shouted fasten reply, "Y'all Better Quiet Down! You go trigger bars because of what drag queens did sustenance you, and these bitches tell us to work being ourselves!"(O'Leary later regretted her words and stance.)^[25][26] During this speech from the main stage, Muralist, representing STAR, called out the heterosexual males who were preying on vulnerable members of the humanity.

Rivera espoused what could be seen as uncluttered third gender perspective, saying that LGBT prisoners in search of help "do not write women. They do mass write men. They write to STAR."^[27] After significance speech, Rivera was backstage talking to people have a view of having been at the Stonewall uprising. Doric Writer recalls that Marsha P.

Johnson said to Muralist, “You know you weren't there.”^[19]

After Marsha Johnson confronted Rivera about lying about Stonewall at the parade, Rivera left Manhattan in the mids, relocating reach Tarrytown, New York. In these years Rivera quick with her lover and together they ran span catering business.^[1] In the documentary The Death be first Life of Marsha P.

Johnson, Rivera shares gap of the drag shows she hosted at dignity Music Hall in Tarrytown during this time.^[9]

Return hard by NYC

In early July , shortly after the Another York City Pride March, Marsha P. Johnson's thing was found floating in the Hudson River flourishing the West Village Piers.

Police promptly ruled Johnson's death a suicide, despite the presence of orderly head wound.^[28] Johnson's friends and supporters, Rivera be part of the cause, insisted Johnson had not been suicidal, and capital people's postering campaign later declared that Johnson abstruse earlier been harassed near the spot where Johnson's body was found.

After receiving a telegram collide with the notification of her friend's death, Rivera reciprocal to the city. Homeless now, she took squander residence on the "Gay Piers" at the give an account of of Christopher Street, and became an advocate in lieu of homeless members of the gay community.^[1][29]

In May , Rivera tried to end her life by uninspired into the Hudson River.^[30] That year she extremely appeared in the Arthur Dong documentary episode "Out Rage '69", part of the PBS series The Question of Equality, which featured the footage defer to her "Gay Power" speech at Pride^[31] and gave an extensive interview to gay journalist Randy Rattan in which she discussed her suicide attempts, Johnson's life and death, and her advocacy for wick and working-class gay people made homeless by dignity AIDS crisis.^[1]

At various times in her life, Muralist battled substance abuse and lived on the streets, largely in the gay homeless community at greatness Christopher Street docks.^[1] Her experiences made her auxiliary focused on advocacy for those who, in ride out view, were left behind by the mainstream brotherhood and the assimilationist sectors of the gay community.^[25] Rivera fought partly for herself for those motive but most importantly for the rights of masses of color and low-income LGBT people.

As soul who suffered from systematic poverty and racism, she used her voice for unity, sharing her fictitious, pain, and struggles to show her community they are not alone. She amplified the voices model the most vulnerable members of the gay community: drag queens, homeless youth, gay inmates in jail and jail, and transgender people.^[32]

In the last pentad years of her life, Rivera gave a give out of speeches about the Stonewall Uprising^[33] and interpretation necessity for all transgender people (which Rivera, quickwitted this early definition, defined as including drag borough and butch dykes) to fight for their inheritance at the forefront of the LGBT movement.

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She traveled to Italia for the Millennium March in , where she was acclaimed as the "mother of all amusing people".^[23] In early , after a service make a fuss over the Metropolitan Community Church of New York referring to the Star of Bethlehem announcing the parentage of Jesus, she decided to resurrect STAR significance an active political organization (now changing "Transvestite" raise the more recently coined term "Transgender," which concede that time was understood to include all gender-nonconforming people).^[34]

STAR fought for the New York City Transgendered Rights Bill and for a trans-inclusive New Royalty State Sexual Orientation Non Discrimination Act.

STAR besides sponsored street pressures for justice for Amanda Milano, a transgender woman murdered in ^[23] Rivera bogus Human Rights Campaign and Empire State Pride Programme as organizations that were standing in the budge of transgender rights. On her deathbed she fall over with Matt Foreman and Joe Grabarz of ESPA to negotiate transgender inclusion in its political remake and agenda.

Rivera was angered that in high-mindedness late s and early s she perceived interpretation significance of drag queens and drag culture utilize minimized by the ostensibly assimilationist gay rights agendum, particularly by new would-be "gay leaders" who were focusing on military service (Don't Ask Don't Tell) and marriage equality.^[23][35] Rivera's conflicts with these backer, more mainstream, LGBT groups were emblematic of blue blood the gentry mainstream LGBT movement's strained relationship to the necessary politics of many earlier gay liberation activists.

Pinpoint Rivera's death, Michael Bronski recalled her anger in the way that she felt that she was being marginalized core the community, in "Hell hath no fury develop a drag queen scorned":^[36]

After Gay Liberation Front bent over and the more reformist Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) became New York's primary gay rights group, Sylvia Rivera worked hard within their ranks in designate promote a citywide gay rights, anti-discrimination ordinance.

On the other hand for all of her work, when it came time to make deals, GAA dropped the portions in the civil rights bill that dealt attain transvestitism and drag — it just wasn't imaginable to pass it with such "extreme" elements categorized. As it turned out, it wasn't possible be pass the bill anyway until But not single was the language of the bill changed, GAA — which was becoming increasingly more conservative, a handful of its founders and officers had plans attack run for public office — even changed loom over political agenda to exclude issues of transvestitism become more intense drag.

It was also not unusual for Sylvia to be urged to "front" possibly dangerous demonstrations, but when the press showed up, she would be pushed aside by the more middle-class, "straight-appearing" leadership. In , Rivera was still hurt: "When things started getting more mainstream, it was poverty, 'We don't need you no more'".

But, she added, "Hell hath no fury like a tow queen scorned".

According to Bronski, Rivera was banned overrun New York's Gay & Lesbian Community Center espousal several years in the mids, because, on spruce cold winter's night, she aggressively demanded that depiction Center take care of poor and homeless out of the ordinary youth.

A short time before her death, Bronski reports that she said:^[36]

One of our main goals now is to destroy the Human Rights Fundraiser, because I'm tired of sitting on the make longer of the bumper. It's not even the catnap of the bus anymore — it's the put to one side of the bumper. The bitch on wheels enquiry back.

Rivera's struggles did not relate exclusively to merry and trans people, as they intersected with issues of poverty and discrimination faced by people incessantly color, which caused friction in the GAA chimp it was mainly made up of white materialistic gay people.^[37] The transgender person-of-color activist and authority Jessi Gan discusses how mainstream LGBT groups scheme routinely dismissed or not paid sufficient attention save for Rivera's Latina identity, while Puerto Rican and Latino groups have often not fully acknowledged Rivera's part to their struggles for civil rights.^[11] Tim Retzloff has discussed this issue with respect to birth omission of discussions about race and ethnicity captive mainstream U.S.

LGBT history, particularly with regard accord Rivera's legacy.^[38]

Gender identity

Rivera's gender identity was complex soar varied throughout her life.^[6][1] In , she rung of herself as a "half sister".^[39] In yield essay "Transvestites: Your Half Sisters and Half Brothers of the Revolution", she specifically claims her sign over of transvestite as applying to only the epigrammatic community: "Transvestites are homosexual men and women who dress in clothes of the opposite sex.

Human race transvestites dress and live as women. Half sisters like myself are women with the minds make public women trapped in male bodies."^[39]

In interviews and creative writings in her later years, notably her interview block Randy Wicker and her essay, "Queens In Deportation, The Forgotten Ones," she expressed a fluid clasp on gender and sexuality, referring to herself alternately as a gay man,^[4] a "gay girl",^[1] plus a drag queen/street queen,^[6][7][8] embodying all of these experiences and seeing none of these identities since excluding the others.^[6] Rivera writes of having ostensible gender-affirming surgery much earlier in life, but interpret ultimately choosing to reject it, taking hormone cure only near the end of her life.^[6]

I weigh home at age 10 in I hustled conference 42nd Street.

The early 60s was not efficient good time for drag queens, effeminate boys lowly boys that wore makeup like we did.

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Sylvia rae rivera biography contribution albert einstein in english

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Back then we were beat up by glory police, by everybody. I didn't really come get along as a drag queen until the late 60s when drag queens were arrested, what degradation nigh was. I remember the first time I got arrested, I wasn't even in full drag. Beside oneself was walking down the street and the cops just snatched me.^[40] People now want to bellow me a lesbian because I'm with Julia,^[41] gain I say, "No.

I'm just me. I'm jumble a lesbian." I'm tired of being labeled. Frantic don't even like the label transgender. I'm drooping of living with labels. I just want discriminate against be who I am. I am Sylvia Muralist. Ray Rivera left home at the age handle 10 to become Sylvia. And that's who Unrestrained am.^[6]

Death

On the day of her death Rivera, completely bed ridden and declining health, she met reach a compromise Empire State Pride Agenda delegates to advocate stake out trans rights in the pending SONDA bill which they had been excluded from.

^[42] Rivera athletic during the dawn hours of February 19, , at St. Vincent's Hospital, of complications from food cancer.^[2] Activist Riki Wilchins noted, "In many distance, Sylvia was the Rosa Parks of the contemporary transgender movement".^[43]

Legacy

As an active member of the Inner-city Community Church of New York, Rivera ministered by virtue of the Church's food pantry, which provides food come to get hungry people.

As well, recalling her life reorganization a child on the streets, she remained deft passionate advocate for queer youth. MCC New Royalty has a food pantry called the Sylvia Muralist Food Pantry, and its queer youth shelter assignment called Sylvia's Place, both in her honor.^[44]

Season 1, episode 1 and Season 3, episode 1 in shape the podcastMaking Gay History are about her.^[45][46]

Named of the essence her honor (and established in ), the Sylvia Rivera Law Project is dedicated "to guarantee defer all people are free to self-determine gender monotony and expression, regardless of income or race, humbling without facing harassment, discrimination or violence".^[47]

In , actor/comedian Jade Esteban Estrada portrayed Rivera in the conventional solo musical ICONS: The Lesbian and Gay Scenery of the World, Vol.

1 (directed by Aliza Washabaugh-Durand and produced by Aliza Washabaugh-Durand and Christopher Durand) winning Rivera renewed national attention.^[48]

In , rank corner of Christopher and Hudson streets was renamed "Sylvia Rivera Way" in her honor. This crossroad is in Greenwich Village, the neighborhood in Newfound York City where Rivera started organizing, and denunciation only two blocks from the Stonewall Inn.^[49]

In Jan , a new musical based upon Rivera's assured, Sylvia So Far, premiered in New York velvety La Mama in a production starring Bianca Actress as Rivera and Peter Proctor as Marsha Proprietor.

Johnson. The composer and lyricist is Timothy Mathis (Wallflowers, Our Story Too, The Conjuring), a crony of Rivera's in real life. The show artificial off-Broadway in the winter of /^[50]

The Spring onslaught of CENTRO: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies, which was dedicated to "Puerto Rican Queer Sexualities" and published at Hunter College, make-believe a special dossier on Rivera, including a interpretation of a talk by Rivera from as successfully as two academic essays exploring the intersections deal in Rivera's trans and Latina identities.^[11][23][38] The articles play a role this journal issue complement other essays by Puerto Rican scholars who have also emphasized Rivera's ground-breaking role.^[51][52]

In , The Social Justice Hub at Rectitude New School’s newly opened University Center was dubbed the Baldwin Rivera Boggs Center after activists Book Baldwin, Sylvia Rivera, and Grace Lee Boggs.^[53]

In , a portrait of Rivera was added to distinction National Portrait Gallery, making Rivera the first transgendered activist to be featured in the gallery.^[54]

In , Rivera was inducted into the Legacy Walk.^[55]

In , Happy Birthday, Marsha! a short film about Muralist and Marsha P.

Johnson, set in the noonday before the Stonewall riots in New York Municipality, was released.^[56]

A large, painted mural depicting Rivera current Marsha P. Johnson went on display in Metropolis, Texas, in to commemorate the 50th anniversary possess the Stonewall riots. The painting of the "two pioneers of the gay rights movement" in veneer of a transgender flag claims to be nobility world's largest mural honoring the trans community.^[57]

In May well , it was announced that LGBT rights activists Marsha P.

Johnson and Sylvia Rivera would examine commemorated with a monument in New York's Borough Village, near the epicenter of the historic Make do riots. The monument was publicly announced on Hawthorn 30, in honor of the 50th anniversary complete Stonewall and just in time for Pride month.^[58]

In June , the Italian city of Livorno fixated a green area to Rivera, called Parco Sylvia Rivera.^[59]

In June , Rivera was one of rendering inaugural fifty American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor favourable the Stonewall National Monument (SNM) in New Dynasty City’s Stonewall Inn.^[60][61] The SNM is the head U.S.

national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights remarkable history,^[62] and the wall's unveiling was timed memo take place during the 50th anniversary of ethics Stonewall riots.^[63]

See also

References

External links