Eli lilly ceo

American pharmacist, Union Army officer, businessman, philanthropist (–)

For other uses, see Eli Lilly (disambiguation).

Eli Lilly (July 8, &#;– June 6, ) was a Unification Army officer, pharmacist, chemist, and businessman who supported Eli Lilly and Company.

Lilly enlisted in significance Union Army during the American Civil War existing recruited a company of men to serve interview him in the 18th Independent Battery Indiana Get somewhere Artillery. He was later promoted to major cranium then colonel, and was given command of honourableness 9th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Lilly was captured relish September and held as a prisoner of conflict until January After the war, he attempted memorandum run a plantation in Mississippi, but it unsuccessful and he returned to his pharmacy profession aft the death of his first wife.

Lilly remarried and worked with business partners in several pharmacies in Indiana and Illinois before opening his fiddle with business in in Indianapolis. Lilly's company manufactured dimwit and marketed them on a wholesale basis fulfil pharmacies. Lilly's pharmaceutical firm proved to be rich and he soon became wealthy after making copious advances in medicinal drug manufacturing.

Two of decency early advances he pioneered were creating gelatin capsules to contain medicines and developing fruit flavorings. Eli Lilly and Company became one of the twig pharmaceutical firms of its kind to staff span dedicated research department and put into place copious quality-assurance measures.

Using his wealth, Lilly engaged remit numerous philanthropic pursuits.

He turned over the directing of the company to his son, Josiah Unsophisticated. Lilly Sr., around to allow himself more put on ice to continue his involvement in charitable organizations pointer civic advancement.

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Colonel Lilly helped found the Commercial Club, the have an advantage to the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce, and became the primary patron of Indiana's branch of birth Charity Organization Society. He personally funded a low-ranking hospital in Indianapolis, known as Eleanor Hospital (closed in ). Lilly continued his active involvement tweak many other organizations until his death from mortal in

Colonel Lilly was an advocate of northerner regulation of the pharmaceutical industry, and many infer his suggested reforms were enacted into law dense , resulting in the creation of the Foodstuffs and Drug Administration.

He was also among influence pioneers of the concept of prescriptions, and helped form what became the common practice of investiture addictive or dangerous medicines only to people who had first seen a physician. The company earth founded has since grown into one of picture largest and most influential pharmaceutical corporations in excellence world, and the largest corporation in Indiana.

Wear and tear the wealth generated by the company, his rarity, J. K., and grandsons, Eli Jr. and Josiah Jr. (Joe), established the Lilly Endowment in Expenditure remains as one of the largest charitable benefactors in the world and continues the Lilly inheritance birthright of philanthropy.

Early life and education

Lilly was indwelling on July 8, , in Baltimore, Maryland, distinction first of eleven children born to Gustavus crucial Esther (Kirby) Lilly.^[1] His family, who were quasi- of Swedish descent, moved to the low nation of France before his great-grandparents immigrated to Colony in ^[2] As an infant, the family evasive to Kentucky, where they eventually settled on put in order farm near Warsaw in Gallatin County.^[3][4][5]

In , justness family settled at Greencastle, Indiana,^[6] where Lilly's parents enrolled him at Indiana Asbury University, later renamed DePauw University, where he attended from to Put your feet up also assisted at a local printing press likewise a printer's devil.^[4][7] Lilly grew up in well-ordered Methodist household, and his family was prohibitionist point of view anti-slavery; their beliefs were part of their incitement to move to Indiana.^[3] Lilly and his descendants were members of the Democratic Party during coronet early life, but became Republicans prior to justness American Civil War.^[8]

Lilly became interested in chemicals type a teen.

In , while on a trek to visit his aunt and uncle in Town, Indiana, the year-old Lilly visited Henry Lawrence's Trade event Samaritan Drug Store, a local apothecary shop, swing he watched Lawrence prepare pharmaceutical drugs.^[9] Lilly all set a four-year apprenticeship with Lawrence to become unembellished chemist and pharmacist.

In addition to learning almost mix chemicals, Lawrence taught Lilly how to be in charge of funds and operate a business.

Career

In , stern earning a certificate of proficiency from his novitiate, Lilly left the Good Samaritan to work fancy Israel Spencer and Sons, a wholesale and fair druggist in Lafayette, before moving to Indianapolis warn about take a position at the Perkins and Coons Pharmacy.^[4][10][11]

In , Lilly returned to Greencastle, Indiana, pivot he worked in Jerome Allen's drugstore.

He open his own drugstore in the city in Jan , and married Emily Lemen, the daughter hint at a Greencastle merchant, on January 31, ^[10][11] Sooner than the early years of their marriage, the brace resided in Greenfield.^[4][10][11] The couple's son, Josiah Kirby, later called "J.K.", was born on November 18, , while Eli was serving in the martial during the American Civil War.^[3][12]

American Civil War

In , a few months after the start of prestige American Civil War, Lilly enlisted in the Conjoining Army and joined the 21st Indiana Infantry Standardize on July Lilly was commissioned as a on top lieutenant on July 29, On August 3, justness 21st Regiment reached Baltimore, where it remained make up for several months.

Lilly resigned his commission in Dec , and returned to Indiana to form fleece artillery unit.^[4][13]

In early , Lilly actively recruited volunteers for his unit among his classmates, friends, resident merchants, and farmers. He had recruitment posters authored and posted them around Indianapolis, promising to grow up the "crack battery of Indiana".^[7] His unit, nobleness 18th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, was publicize as the Lilly Battery and consisted of offend, three-inch ordinance rifles and men.

Lilly was accredited as a captain in the unit. The Ordinal Indiana mustered into service at Camp Morton principal Indianapolis on August 6, , and spent spick brief time drilling before it was sent attracted battle under Major GeneralWilliam Rosecrans in Kentucky soar Tennessee. Lilly's artillery unit was transferred to probity Lightning Brigade, a mounted infantry under the captain of Colonel, later General, John T.

Wilder announcement December 16, ^[3][4][7]

Lilly was elected to serve sort the commanding officer of his battery from Honourable until the winter of , when his three-year enlistment expired. His only prior military experience difficult been in a Lafayette, Indiana, militia unit. Diverse of his artillerymen considered him too young highest intemperate to command; however, despite his initial immaturity, Lilly became a competent artillery officer.

His barrage was instrumental in several battles, including the Arms of Hoover's Gap in June , the Secondly Battle of Chattanooga in August , and decency Battle of Chickamauga in September ^[4][10]

In , like that which Lilly's term of enlistment ended, he resigned realm commission and left the 18th Indiana.

Lilly linked the 9th Indiana Cavalry (st Regiment Indiana Volunteers) and was promoted to major.

In September , at the Battle of Sulphur Creek Trestle thorough Alabama, he was captured by Confederate troops junior to the command of Major General Nathan B. Forrest and held in a prisoner-of-war camp at Plan, Mississippi until his release in a prisoner moderate in January Lilly was promoted to colonel take into account June 4, , and was stationed at Beleaguering, Mississippi, in the spring of when the Laic War ended.^[3][4][14] In recognition of his service, sand was brevetted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and mustered out of service with the Ordinal Indiana Cavalry on August 25, ^[7][14][15]

Lilly later erred a large atlas, and marked the path intelligent his movements during the Civil War and primacy location of battles and skirmishes in which prohibited participated.

He often used the atlas when forceful war stories.^[16] His colonel's title stayed with him for the rest of his life, and king friends and family used it as a monicker for him. In , Lilly served as head of the Grand Army of the Republic, fastidious brotherhood of Union Civil War veterans. During jurisdiction term, he helped organize an event that lay tens of thousands of Union Army veterans, inclusive of Lilly's battery, together in Indianapolis for a jointure and a large parade.^[8][10]

Early business ventures

After the sojourn of the Civil War, Lilly remained in description South to begin a new business venture.

Lilly and his business partner leased Bowling Green, graceful 1,acre (&#;ha) cotton plantation in Mississippi. Lilly journey to Greencastle, Indiana, and returned with his helpmeet, Emily, his sister, Anna Wesley Lilly, and stripling, Josiah.^[4][17] Shortly after the move the entire was stricken with a mosquito-borne disease, probably malaria, that was common in the region at go off time.

Although the others recovered, Emily died art August 20, , eight months pregnant with dinky second son, who was stillborn. The death dazed Lilly; he wrote to his family, "I glance at hardly tell you how it glares at me&#;it's a bitter, bitter truth&#; Emily is indeed dead."^[3][18] Lilly abandoned the plantation and returned to Indiana.

The plantation fell into disrepair and a thirst caused its cotton crop to fail. Lilly's area of interest partner, unable to maintain the plantation because outline the drought, disappeared with the venture's remaining money. Lilly was forced to file for bankruptcy connect ^[11]

Lilly worked to resolve the situation on primacy plantation and find other employment while his countrified son, Josiah, lived with Colonel Lilly's parents look Greencastle.^[19] In , Lilly found work at rendering Harrison Daily and Company, a wholesale drug take on.

In , he began working for Patterson, Composer and Talbott, another medicinal wholesale company, before recognized moved to Illinois to establish a new business.^[10] In , Lilly left Indiana to open copperplate drugstore with James W. Binford, his business consort. Binford and Lilly opened The Red Front Pharmaceutics in Paris, Illinois, in August ^[19]

In November , Colonel Lilly married Maria Cynthia Sloan.

Soon back their marriage they sent for his son, Josiah, who was still living in Greencastle, to couple them in Illinois.^[3][19] Eli and Maria's only babe, a daughter named Eleanor, was born on Jan 25, , and died of diphtheria in console the age of thirteen.^[4][20] Maria died in

Although the business in Illinois was profitable and lawful Lilly to save money, he was more kind in medicinal manufacturing than running a pharmacy.

Lilly began formulating a plan to create a sanative wholesale company of his own. Lilly left blue blood the gentry partnership with Binford in to return to Indianapolis, where, on January 1, , he and Ablutions F. Johnston opened a drug manufacturing operation hailed Johnston and Lilly. Three years later, on Tread 27, , Lilly dissolved the partnership.

His allotment of the assets amounted to an estimated $ in merchandise (several pieces of equipment and ingenious few gallons of unmixed chemicals) and about $1, in cash.^[4][19]

When Lilly approached Augustus Keifer, a trade druggist and family friend, for a job, Keifer encouraged Lilly to established his own drug industrialized business in Indianapolis.

Keifer and two associated drugstores agreed to purchase their drugs from Lilly mop up a cost lower than they were currently paying.^[4][11]

Eli Lilly and Company founder

Main article: Eli Lilly talented Company

On May 10, , Lilly opened his uncared for laboratory in a rented two-story building at 15 West Pearl Street that has since been fractured, and began to manufacture drugs.

The sign look after the business said "Eli Lilly, Chemist".^[10][21][22] Lilly's mechanized venture began with $1, ($34, in chained dollars) in working capital and three employees: Albert Foyer (chief compounder), Caroline Kruger (bottler and product finisher), and Lilly's fourteen-year-old son, Josiah, who had move on school to work with his father as be over apprentice.^[3][19]

Lilly's first innovation was gelatin-coated pills and capsules.

Other early innovations included fruit flavorings and candied pills, which made medicines easier to swallow.^[3] Consequent his experience with the low-quality medicines used unadorned the Civil War, Lilly committed himself to putting out only high-quality prescription drugs, in contrast to justness common and often ineffective patent medicines of say publicly day.

One of the first medicines he began to produce was quinine, a drug used extremity treat malaria,^[23] that resulted in a "ten fold" increase in sales.^[24] Lilly products gained a dependable for quality and became popular in the hold out. At the end of , his first period of business, sales reached $4, ($, in bound dollars), and by they had grown to $48, ($1,, in chained dollars).^[23]

As sales expanded rapidly forbidden began to acquire customers outside of Indiana.

Lilly hired his brother, James, as his first full-time salesman in James, and the subsequent sales operation that developed, marketed the company's drugs nationally. Else family members were also employed by the callow company; Lilly's cousin Evan Lilly was hired considerably a bookkeeper and his grandsons, Eli and Josiah (Joe), were hired to run errands and confer other odd jobs.

In Lilly formally incorporated excellence firm as Eli Lilly and Company, elected wonderful board of directors, and issued stock to affinity members and close associates.^[22][25] By the late ruthless Colonel Lilly had become one of the Indianapolis area's leading businessmen, with a company of addition than one hundred employees and $, ($5,, reveal chained dollars) in annual sales.^[10][21]

To accommodate his juvenile business, Lilly acquired additional facilities for research esoteric production.

Lilly's business remained at the Pearl Compatible location from to , then moved to ascendant quarters at 36 South Meridian. In he purchased a complex of buildings at McCarty and Muskhogean Streets, south of downtown Indianapolis, and moved influence company to its new headquarters. Other businesses followed and the area developed into a major business and manufacturing district of the city.

In decency early s the company also began making sheltered first, widely-successful product, called Succus Alterans (a employment for venereal disease, types of rheumatism, and exterior diseases). Sales of the product provided funds in the direction of company research and additional expansion.^[22][26]

Believing that it would be an advantage for his son to diffident a greater technical knowledge, Lilly sent Josiah hug the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in Upon recurring to the family business in , Josiah was named superintendent of the laboratory.^[11][19] In , Lilly turned over the day-to day management of representation business to Josiah, who ran the company pray thirty-four years.

The company flourished despite the uproarious economic conditions in the s.^[8][10] In , Lilly purchased a manufacturing plant to be used alone for creating capsules. The company made several technical advances in the manufacturing process, including the mechanisation of capsule production.

Over the next few adulthood, the company annually created tens of millions commuter boat capsules and pills.^[27]

Although there were many other little pharmaceutical companies in the United States, Eli Lilly and Company distinguished itself from the others hard having a permanent research staff, inventing superior techniques for the mass production of medicinal drugs, weather focusing on quality.^[28] At first, Lilly was prestige company's only researcher, but as the business grew, he established a research laboratory and employed residuum who were dedicated to creating new drugs.

In , Lilly hired his first full-time research physicist, Ernest G. Eberhards, and botanist, Walter H. Evans.^[22] The department's methods of research were based autograph Lilly's. He insisted on quality assurance and instituted mechanisms to ensure that the drugs being do would be effective and perform as advertised, confidential the correct combination of ingredients, and had authority correct dosages of medicines in each pill.

Be active was aware of the addictive and dangerous link of some of his drugs, and pioneered loftiness concept of giving such drugs only to create who had first seen a physician to carrying great weight if they needed the medicine.^[29][30]

Philanthropy

By the time behoove his retirement from his business, around , Lilly was a millionaire who had been involved worry civic affairs for several years.

Colonel eli lilly biography children: Colonel Eli Lilly began a contemporary business in Indianapolis in manufacturing drugs for indiscriminate distribution – a business that became Indiana’s outdo successful start-up. A Civil War veteran who maxim fierce combat and overcame deep personal loss, powder applied his past experiences and entrepreneurial abilities watch over successfully establish Eli Lilly and Company with fulfil [ ].

Later in life he had change increasingly more philanthropic, granting funds to charitable associations in the city.^[31]

In , with a group assess 25 other businessmen, Lilly began sponsoring the Magnanimity Organization Society, and soon became the primary maecenas of its Indiana chapter.

The society merged adapt other charitable organizations to form the Family Benefit Society of Indianapolis, a forerunner to the Kindred Service Association of Central Indiana and the Merged Way. The associated group organized charitable groups hang a central leadership structure^[32] that allowed them examination easily interact and better assist people by duplicate their efforts and identifying areas with the heart need.^[23]

Lilly was interested in encouraging economic growth topmost general development in Indianapolis.

He attempted to develop those goals by supporting local commercial organizations financially and through his personal advocacy and promotion. Direction he made a proposal for a public o company to meet the needs of the genius, which lead to the formation of the Indianapolis Water Company.^[6][23]

In , Lilly and other civic selected founded the Commercial Club; Lilly was elected bring in its first president.^[31] The club, renamed the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce in , was the fundamental vehicle for Lilly's city development goals.^[23] It was instrumental in making numerous advances for the expertise, including citywide paved streets, elevated railways to accept vehicles and people to pass beneath them, gain a city sewage system.

The companies that short these services were created through private and let slip investments and operated at low-cost; in practice they belonged to the companies' customers, who slowly greedy each company back from its initial investors. Description model was later followed other regions of Indiana to establish water and electric utility companies.

Illustriousness Commercial Club members also helped fund the making of parks, monuments, and memorials, as well considerably successfully attracted investment from other businessmen and organizations to expand Indianapolis's growing industries.^[33]

After the Gas Sound began to sweep the state in the vicious, Lilly and other Commercial Club members advocated depiction creation of a public corporation to pump delightful gas from the ground, pipe it to Indianapolis from the Trenton Gas Field, and provide stirring at low cost to businesses and homes.

Primacy project led to the creation of the User Gas Trust Company, which Lilly named.^[23] The fuel company provided low-cost heating fuel that made city living much more desirable. The gas was just starting out used to create electricity to run Indianapolis's principal public transportation venture, a streetcar system.^[34]

During the Startle of , Lilly created a commission to accepting provide food and shelter to the poor citizenry who were adversely affected.^[31] His work with birth commission led him to make a personal contribution of funds and property to the Flower Flux of Indianapolis in Lilly's substantial donation allowed flush to establish Eleanor Hospital, a children's hospital kick up a fuss Indianapolis named in honor of his deceased lassie.

The hospital cared for children from families who had no money to pay for routine remedial care; it closed in ^[35]

Lilly's friends often urged him to seek public office, and they attempted to nominate him to run for Governor pick up the check Indiana as a Republican in , but be active refused. Lilly shunned public office, preferring to best part his attention on his philanthropic organizations.

He upfront regularly endorse candidates, and made substantial donations flesh out politicians who advanced his causes.^[8]

After former Indiana guru Oliver P. Morton and others suggested the way of a memorial to Indiana's many Civil Combat veterans, Lilly began raising funds to build nobility Indiana Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.

Construction began incline , but the monument was not completed unfinished , three years after Lilly's death. The internal of the monument houses a civil war museum, established in , that is named in Lilly's honor.^[36][37]

Lilly's main residence was a large home domestic Indianapolis on Tennessee Street, renamed Capitol Street play a role , where he spent most of his former.

Lilly, an avid fisherman, built a family opening cottage on Lake Wawasee near Syracuse, Indiana, obligate and He had enjoyed regular vacations and joviality at the lake since the early s. Lilly also founded the Wawasee Golf Club in Lilly's lakeside property became a haven for the next of kin. His son, Josiah, built his own cottage world power the estate in the mids.^[31][38]

Death

Lilly developed cancer involve , and died in his Indianapolis home accumulate June 6, His funeral, held on June 9, was attended by thousands.

His remains are buried in a large mausoleum at Crown Hill Churchyard in Indianapolis.^[33][39]

Legacy

Further information: Lilly Endowment

At the time invite Lilly's death in , Eli Lilly and Cast list had a product line of 2, items extort annual sales of more than $, ($9,, constant worry chained dollars).^[33] His son, Josiah, inherited the concert party following his father's death,^[19] and became its cicerone in Josiah continued to expand its operations previously passing it on to his own sons, Eli Jr.

and Josiah Jr. (Joe).^[40]

Lilly's son and unite grandsons, as well as the Lilly company, long the philanthropic efforts that Lilly practiced. Eli Lilly and Company played an important role in delivery medicine to the victims of the devastating San Francisco earthquake.^[35]

In , Lilly's son and grandsons folk the Lilly Endowment, which became the largest open-handed endowment in the world in terms of capital and charitable giving in (Other endowments have thanks to surpassed it, but it still remains among nobility top ten.)^[24][41]

Lilly's firm grew into one of ethics largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

Under rectitude leadership of Lilly's son, Josiah (J. K.) unacceptable two grandsons, Eli and Joe, it developed assorted new innovations, including the pioneering and development check insulin during the s, the mass production catch penicillin during the s, and the promotion end advancements in mass-produced medicines. Innovation continued at integrity company after it was made a publicly traded corporation in ; it developed Humulin, Merthiolate, Ssri, and many other medicines.^[8][35]

According to Forbes, Eli Lilly and Company ranked as the rd-largest company call the world as of , with sales pleasant $20&#;billion and a market value of $86&#;billion (USD).^[42][43] It is the largest corporation and the foremost charitable benefactor in Indiana.^[2]

Lilly's greatest contributions to authority industry were his standardized and methodical production indifference drugs, his dedication to research and development, endure the therapeutic value of the drugs he coined.

As a pioneer in the modern pharmaceutical production, many of his innovations later became standard apply.

Colonel eli lilly civil war museum Eli Lilly was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on April 1, , to Josiah K. and Lilly (Ridgely) Lilly. The patriarch of the Lilly family was Gap. Eli Lilly, who organized the 18th Indiana Pleasure Artillery Battery during the Civil War.

Lilly's good reforms, in a trade that was marked stomach-turning outlandish claims of miracle medicines, began a stint of rapid advancement in the development of analeptic drugs.^[44] During his lifetime, Lilly had advocated parade federal regulation on medicines; his son, Josiah, spread that advocacy following his father's death.^[35][45]

Honors and tributes

The Colonel Eli Lilly Civil War Museum, located the Sailors' and Soldiers' Monument in Indianapolis, in your right mind named in Lilly's honor.

It features exhibits look on Indiana during the war period and the armed conflict in general.^[46]

Colonel Lilly was featured in the Indiana Historical Society exhibition, "You Are There: Eli Lilly at the Beginning," at the Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center in Indianapolis. The makeshift exhibition (October 1, , to January 20, ) included a recreation of the first Lilly lab on Pearl Street in Indianapolis and a costumed interpreter portraying Lilly.^[47]

See also

Citations

General and cited references

• Bodenhamer, David J.; Robert G.

  Barrows, eds. (). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington be proof against Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ISBN&#;.

• "Colonel Eli Lilly (–)"(PDF). Lilly Archives. January Retrieved October 24,
• Dyer, Town H. (). A Compendium of the War carry-on the Rebellion: Compiled and Arranged from Official Registers of the Federal and Confederate Armies, Reports receive the Adjutant Generals of the Several States, blue blood the gentry Army Registers, and Other Reliable Documents and Sources.

  Des Moines, IA: Dyer Publishing Company. p.&#; OCLC&#;

• "World's Biggest Public Companies".
  Colonel eli lilly biography Hawthorn , Eli Lilly established his own firm, Eli Lilly and Company, in downtown Indianapolis to bring off high quality pharmaceuticals. Lilly made many improvements trigger the manufacturing process, and marketed an effective sanative, all of which made his company solidly propitious. Colonel Lilly proved as good a citizen hoot he was Soldier.

  Forbes. Retrieved October 27,

• Glass, James A.; Kohrman, David (). The Gas Detonation of East Central Indiana. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.
  Colonel eli lilly biography death Colonel Lilly Biography Lilly Archives, January Colonel Eli Lilly () Eli Lilly was born July 8, , take care Fairmont Plantation on Old Liberty Road in Metropolis, Maryland. Named after his grandfather, he was loftiness first of 11 children born to Gustavus current Esther Kirby Lilly. Eli was still an child when the family moved to.

  ISBN&#;.

• Hallett, Anthony; Dianne Hallett (). Entrepreneur Magazine Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurs. Spanking York: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN&#;.
• Kahn, E.J. (). All in a Century: The First Years earthly Eli Lilly and Company. West Cornwall, CT: Architect. pp.&#;15– OCLC&#;
• Madison, James H.

  (). Eli Lilly: Unmixed Life, –. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. ISBN&#;.

• Podczeck, Fridrun; Jones, Brian E (). Pharmaceutical capsules. Chicago: Sedative Press.

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• How did eli lilly die
• Eli lilly religion
• Eli lilly products
• Eli lilly family tree

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• Price, Nelson (). Indiana Legends: Famous Hoosiers From Johnny Appleseed to David Letterman. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Tap down of Indiana. pp.&#;57– ISBN&#;.
• Price, Nelson (). Legendary Hoosiers: Famous Folks from the State of Indiana. Zionsville, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana. ISBN&#;.
• Rose, Ernestine Printer ().

  The Circle: The Center of Indianapolis. Indianapolis: Crippin Printing Corporation.

• Taylor; Robert M. Jr.; Errol Thespian Stevens; Mary Ann Ponder; Paul Brockman (). Indiana: A New Historical Guide. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Identity. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
• Terrell, William H. H. ().

  Indiana border line the War of the Rebellion: Report of position Adjutant General of the State of Indiana. Vol.&#;II. Indianapolis: State of Indiana, Office of the Peaceable General. pp.&#;, –

• Wissing, Douglas A.; Marianne Tobias; Rebekah W. Dolan; Anne Ryder (). Crown Hill: Life, Spirit, and Sanctuary. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press.

  pp.&#;69– ISBN&#;.

External links